Footwear

Shoes play an important role in falls prevention and reducing pain. Most shoe
shops on the high street stock a range of styles that help to reduce the risk
of painful foot and ankle conditions by reducing friction and pressure and
maintaining good foot function. Suitable shoes should include the following:

• An adjustable fastening such as buckles, laces or Velcro for a firm fit at the
heel. Avoid backless footwear.
• A heel height of no more than 3cm and avoid a narrow heel base. The heel
counter should be firm and offer support to the heel.
• Enough length and width across the widest part of your foot to allow the
toes to move. Leave 1 cm space from your longest toe on the bigger foot to
the end of the shoe.
• Flexibility. Shoes should be able to bend as the foot bends so that the foot
is able to move naturally and provide grip and shock absorbancy however
not be over-flexible. If you have pain in your forefoot (balls of your feet and
toes) a stiffer soled shoe would be more beneficial.
• The shape of the shoe should fit the natural shape of the foot, especially
around the toes.
• When trying on new footwear always take your orthotics with you to ensure
a good fit. If you are trying on shoes with removable insoles always remove
them before inserting your orthotics, if worn, and then walk around for a few
minutes to ensure they do not pinch or rub.
• Try to avoid shoes with seams to reduce the risk of rubbing and blistering.
The uppers and linings of your shoes should be made from natural materials
such as soft leather. This will reduce chances of rubbing and sweating.
If you prefer to buy shoes from your local store it is always a good idea to
try them on at the end of the day, as most people find that their feet swell
slightly after they have been on them for a period of time.
If there are shoe laces, tie them and walk around for a minute or two to
ensure a correct fit and see if they pinch or rub.

Slippers
Many people wear slippers at home because they are easy to take on and off,
and are soft and comfortable. Slippers however do not give much support to
the foot and the soles (bottoms) may have little cushioning. They may also
lead to trips and falls around the house. It is better to wear well-fitting shoes
with a non-slip sole and velcro fasteners which are reserved for indoor use
instead.

Summer Shoes/Sandals
Flat sandals and flip flops are fine for short trips such as walking on the beach
or grass, in the garden or around the house, but are not ideal for long walks
or for wearing every day due to the lack of support provided. In fact wearing
sandals and flip flops can cause hard skin, cracked heels, corns, skin and
fungal infections and blisters.

The best summer sandal for frequent wear is one with straps that hold your
foot in place across the top and at the back for example a gladiator sandal or
a hiking sandal. You can buy sandals that have moulded soles and hug the
arch of your feet, providing more support than those that have thin and flat
soles.

Socks
Good socks will not only help keep your feet comfortable within your shoes
but will also keep them dry by drawing moisture away from the feet.
If you have problems with circulation or swelling, avoid socks with tight
elastic tops. There are wider, soft-top socks available.

Sports
Footwear should be given the same consideration as any other piece of
sporting equipment. Sports shoes should protect as much as possible, be
durable and should be right for the sport and surface.

Running shoes
Running shoes are designed for just that – running! They are very flexible,
which enables the foot to bend and flex through each step. They should have
adequate cushioning in the midsole and a flared heel for stability. Do not
use for sports such as tennis, basketball or aerobics, which involve sideways
stepping.

Cross trainers
These are much stiffer and provide greater support for the foot when side-to side movements are made and can be used across a range of activities such as basketball, tennis or aerobics.